1. Carbon (C): Ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov kev kho cua sov, tab sis raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon nce, ductility thiab toughness yuav txo qis, thiab nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub taub hau txias thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm steel qhov chaw.
2. Manganese (Mn): Ua kom lub zog ntawm steel qhov chaw thiab txhim kho hardenability rau qee yam. Ntawd yog, nws nce lub zog ntawm hardening nkag thaum lub sij hawm quenching. Manganese kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis ntau dhau ntawm manganese ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ductility thiab weldability, thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tswj cov txheej plating thaum lub sij hawm electroplating.
3. Nickel (Ni): Ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw, txhim kho toughness ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv atmospheric corrosion, thiab tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj khov kho cov cua sov thiab txo cov hydrogen embrittlement.
4. Chromium (Cr): tuaj yeem txhim kho hardenability, txhim kho hnav tsis kam, nce corrosion kuj, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tuav lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
5. Molybdenum (Mo): Pab tswj hardenability, txo qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov hlau mus rau temper brittleness, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txhim kho tensile lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
6. Boron (B): tuaj yeem txhim kho hardenability thiab pab qis - carbon steel los tsim cov lus teb xav tau rau kev kho cua sov.
7. Vanadium (V): Refines austenite nplej thiab txhim kho toughness.
8. Silicon (Si): Ua kom lub zog ntawm steel qhov chaw, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yas thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau.